Fine-grained UI updates

Gets rid of `MainFrameRepaint` in favor of specific update functions that tell the UI exactly what changed.

This improves the efficiency of various handlers. Also fixes problems with mined transactions not showing up until restart.

The following notifications were added:

- `NotifyBlocksChanged`: Block chain changed
- `NotifyKeyStoreStatusChanged`: Wallet status (encrypted, locked) changed.
- `NotifyAddressBookChanged`: Address book entry changed.
- `NotifyTransactionChanged`: Wallet transaction added, removed or updated.
- `NotifyNumConnectionsChanged`: Number of connections changed.
- `NotifyAlertChanged`: New, updated or cancelled alert. As this finally makes it possible for the UI to know when a new alert arrived, it can be shown as OS notification.

These notifications could also be useful for RPC clients. However, currently, they are ignored in bitcoind (in noui.cpp).

Also brings back polling with timer for numBlocks in ClientModel. This value updates so frequently during initial download that the number of signals clogs the UI thread and causes heavy CPU usage. And after initial block download, the value changes so rarely that a delay of half a second until the UI updates is unnoticable.

src/qt/walletmodel.cpp

@@ -40,30 +40,38 @@ int WalletModel::getNumTransactions() const
     return numTransactions;
 }
 
-void WalletModel::update()
+void WalletModel::updateStatus()
 {
-    qint64 newBalance = getBalance();
-    qint64 newUnconfirmedBalance = getUnconfirmedBalance();
-    int newNumTransactions = getNumTransactions();
     EncryptionStatus newEncryptionStatus = getEncryptionStatus();
 
-    if(cachedBalance != newBalance || cachedUnconfirmedBalance != newUnconfirmedBalance)
-        emit balanceChanged(newBalance, newUnconfirmedBalance);
-
-    if(cachedNumTransactions != newNumTransactions)
-        emit numTransactionsChanged(newNumTransactions);
-
     if(cachedEncryptionStatus != newEncryptionStatus)
         emit encryptionStatusChanged(newEncryptionStatus);
+}
+
+void WalletModel::updateTransaction(const QString &hash, int status)
+{
+    if(transactionTableModel)
+        transactionTableModel->updateTransaction(hash, status);
+
+    // Balance and number of transactions might have changed
+    qint64 newBalance = getBalance();
+    qint64 newUnconfirmedBalance = getUnconfirmedBalance();
+    int newNumTransactions = getNumTransactions();
+
+    if(cachedBalance != newBalance || cachedUnconfirmedBalance != newUnconfirmedBalance)
+        emit balanceChanged(newBalance, newUnconfirmedBalance);
+    if(cachedNumTransactions != newNumTransactions)
+        emit numTransactionsChanged(newNumTransactions);
 
     cachedBalance = newBalance;
     cachedUnconfirmedBalance = newUnconfirmedBalance;
     cachedNumTransactions = newNumTransactions;
 }
 
-void WalletModel::updateAddressList()
+void WalletModel::updateAddressBook(const QString &address, const QString &label, int status)
 {
-    addressTableModel->update();
+    if(addressTableModel)
+        addressTableModel->updateEntry(address, label, status);
 }
 
 bool WalletModel::validateAddress(const QString &address)